Further reading

For an expanded coverage how the topics discussed during the course can be implemented in R, see (pebesma2022?), (tennekes2022?), (bivand2023?), (gimond2023?), (moraga2023?) and (lovelace2024?).

For more details on GIS and mapping, see (crampton2010?) and (bolstad2023?).

For a more detailed discussion on how historians use GIS tools, see (gregory2007?), (knowles2008?), (marti2011?), (gregory2014?), (gregory2018?); (lawson2021?), (travis2020?), (cole2022?), (mogorovich2022?) and (mcdonough2024?). See also (presner2015?) for a discussion on the geospatial turn in the humanities in general. Spatial history nonetheless comes in a variety of forms, not necessarily involving using GIS tools (bavaj2022b?). Maps actually constitute another historical source, so they contain useful information that helps knowing more about the past. In this regard, historians of maps and mapping practices often study maps as cultural objects (mcdonough2024?). (schulten2012?) and (spychal2024?), for instance, trace the growing use of maps in the US and UK during the 19^th century as tools for shaping history, policy and national identity.

Online visualisations:

• US frontier expansion of post offices during the 19^th century

• Racial lynchings in the US, 1877-1950

• Oceanic shipping from 18^th- and 19^th-century ship’s logs

• Mapping the State of the Union